2015 3.2 Jeep Cherokee Engine Diagram
Many accessories are definitely cheaper ex-USA but freight can be expensive. Why not try:
Beware of exceeding the 68kg roof loading...There has been several cases where the roof has cracked due to flexing on rough corrugated roads. This can be an expensive exercise requiring removal of air bags & roof lining to repair cracks.
Some diesels engines can suffer from what is known as "Diesel Runaway" where releasing the accelerator or turning the engine off fails to slow or shutdown the engine and it reaches or exceeds the RPM redline. If this occurs when mobile then life and limb can be at serious risk; so how do you stop a diesel that does??...If moving, select neutral and bring the vehicle to a stop where safe to do so. When stationary, cut off engine fuel supply or air supply if possible or alternatively use a CO2 fire extinguisher and discharge it into the engine air intake.....Another cause can be engine oil getting to into the combustion chamber via faulty turbo seals and the engine runs on this oil rather than its diesel fuel; in this case restricting air supply is the only solution...All vehicles should carry a CO2 extinguisher so if you don't have one regardless of petrol or diesel, it's good advice to have one>in your vehicle for off road use where grass or debris can build up around hot exhausts components with the potential of causing a serious fire....Also valuable if you do experience engine runaway with the engine over revving and in danger of destroying itself and seriously injuring you or bystanders.
Under no circumstances try to restart the engine. Check that the engine will turn using the fan belt or a socket spanner fitted to the nut on the front crankshaft pulley. If the engine still won't turn, the chances are you have water in the cylinders. Since water doesn't compress, a Hydrolock (hydrostatic lock) has occurred .
Experiencing difficulty starting your CRD in cold weather? The problem most likely will be malfunctioning glow plugs or the glow plug control module which controls glow plug temperatures.In warm and dry weather, the diesel engine will start even if one glow plug is defective and all other plugs preheat. Apart from difficult starting and knocking during start, faulty glow plugs or control module will log OBD fault codes (DTC) and can inhibit DPF active regeneration.
Glow Plug Control Units (Beru )
Glow Plug Diagnostics (Beru )
"Knocking during cold-start of a diesel engine is caused by an increased ignition delay when the engine is cold. The fuel ignites all of a sudden and the engine knocks. pre-heating and post- heating of glow plugs ensure that the engine reaches the operating temperature quicker. This preserves the engine, results in a quieter engine running and prevents knocking. The fuel will then be burnt more evenly and more completely. More energy is thus released and the combustion chamber temperature will increase quicker."
To test the glow plugs, measure each plug to ground (multimeter on resistance) which should read in the order of .7 to 1.3 ohms.
If all test ok then check and replace the glow plug control module if faulty. Glow plugs are also very sensitive to voltage drop in the wiring
system which may require replacement. Some suggest battery load testing first before replacing glow plugs.
Warning:
- To avoid irreparable damage, do not test the glow plugs with a 12 Volt source under any circumstance
- Cover the glow plug thread with a recommended anti-seize grease before fitting to enable easier removal and prevent corrosion;
Regeneration (I think):
"Where exhaust temperatures necessary for regeneration are high enough Passive Regeneration of Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) normally takes place automatically if the vehicle is used for medium to long journeys or driven hard. If the PCM detects that the vehicle is being driven in a way that passive regeneration is ineffective or higher than normal exhaust back-pressure is detected, an active regeneration cycle is initiated by in-cylinder post injection or direct injection of fuel into the exhaust stream to raise the temperature of the filter to around 600Cto oxidise the Particulate Matter (PM) build up. Driving conditions such as long down-hill descents, city driving and frequent short trips, may not produced sufficient heat to fully oxidised all accumulated PM. If 45% restricted (depends on the vehicle) or more then active regeneration starts and the engine management system increases exhaust temp by various means including engine timing & high fuel injection to burn out the PM. This can happen as often a 400km..A message is sometimes displayed indicating the burn out progress..You can often smell or see a puff of white exhaust smoke as the PM burns."
If all regeration attempts fail to clear the DPF, PM will eventually accumulate to a point where the vehicle will go into limp mode to prevent engine damage. Immediate service by your Jeep dealer is now essential to diagnose the cause (could be a sensor) and may require forced regeration (limited number of times) or DPF replacement. DPF technology is not that good for short start stop driving like city traffic or very short runs where passive regeneration isn't effective. If mostly city driving then where possible keep the revs up (probably on hills) for several km to raise exhaust temp (around 600C) or travel about 20mins above 60km/h usually does it.
Best use high cetane rating diesel fuel and not the lower cetane used by trucks. The quality of the fuel & driving style will determine the number of regenerations.
WARNING!
Do not park or operate your vehicle in areas where your exhaust system can contact anything that can burn. A hot exhaust system can start a fire if flammable material such as grass or leaves comes into contact with your exhaust syst
Anywhere the quality fuel is uncertain, the use of additional fuel filtration is the best way to avoid fuel related failure. Don't rely entirely on the vehicles OE fuel filtering system to protect the engine and fuel system components from suspect fuel.
Why?:
Water in diesel fuel can cause major damage to your engine and fuel system (expensive) which is not covered by your vehicle's warranty or by most insurances. When remote touring, refuelling with water contaminated fuel is an ever-present issue; damage from which can be avoided by installation of a quality brand fuel water separator filtration system. Most fuel water filters have a warning that the filter is approaching full and must be drained ASAP. Visual inspection of the filter bowl on a regular basis is also good practice
Quick Reference Metric Fuel Usage Chart
Unfortunately the new Trailhawk rather than show average fuel usage as litres/100km does so as km/litre. This chart maybe handy when driving rather than doing quick conversions on the fly.
WK2 Transmissions
Chrysler Group LLC initially received the 8HP 8-speed automatic transmissions from the ZF Getriebe GmbH plant in Saarbrucken, Germany which they now produce under licence in the USA at the 845RE & 8HP70 variants for the MY14 Jeep WK2 Grand Cherokee About the ZF 8HP eight speed automatic transmission Transmission Temperature What should your transmission temperatures be under various driving conditions ?? This is not that easy to find exact information on. Running temperatures are heavily dependent on speed, loads and ambient temperatures but as a general guide for the 2014 WK2 3L CRD then: Due to lack of available (??) data this is a guide only * Tests were done with no load, UNeek bullbar & Warn winch with round LED spotlights causing some air flow restrictions Quote: Note: Caution: Chrysler strongly recommends against the addition of any fluids to the transmission, other than those listed below Head Lights - Driving Lights The right hand side headlight 12 pin connector viewed front on: A1 top right hand pin and A12 bottom hand pin. Check your vehicle VIN first for possible variations between models How Bi-Xenon Headlights Work The law on fog & driving lights: LED Driving Lights & Light Bar A brief look at HID vs LED Driving lights: LEDs used for lighting are commonly labeled with their light output in lumens and colour temperature. From Minor Modification Queensland Dept Transport and Main Roads Headlights: Retro-fitting High Intensity Gas-Discharge (HID) or Light Emitting Diode (LED) headlight assemblies to vehicles not Main (high) Beam Headlamps The fitting of additional main beam headlamps is permitted without specific approval as they are mentioned under the Driving Lamps The fitting of driving lamps (including LED light bars) is acceptable without specific approval, provided they meet the requirements provided in the Australian Design Rules If you like a torturous read then look at Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 13/00 ADR13 has been revised several times since introduction and will undoubtedly be again in the future. Section 7.3.2.1 is the biggest recent change impacting 4X4 owners. The ADRs used to permit 'pairs of two or four it now simply states 'up to a maximum of four'. One LED light bar now classed as one light. As for mounting light bars on the vehicle's roof, the ADRs don't rule on this so at this stage each state decides if it's illegal or not. States that currently do not allow are NSW & WA . Always check before driving interstate rather than be fined. Basically (as of 26/06/2016) : Pay particular attention to 'up to a maximum of four' which refers to additional lights and includes fog lamps in a bullbar if the vehicle wasn't originally fitted with them. Also light bars mounted above bullbars will certainly earn you a defect notice if they obstruct the drivers view or protrude beyond the vehicles profile Daytime Running Lamps and Fog Lamps The fitting of daytime running lamps and/or fog lamps is acceptable without specific approval, provided they meet the requirements provided in the ADRs Now what to do when lifting a vehicle!!..Obviously lifting is going to lengthen the low beam illuminated distance to the point where they will dazzle on coming traffic and cause the driver to flash their headlight in annoyance. Conversely too low is dangerous. If this is the case then low beam realignment is essential and a legal requirement. Aiming using a 10 metre wall: This method is mainly used today for vehicle with headlights higher than 140cm but in the absence of expensive professional optical beam-setter equipment, it can be used to achieve excellent results as a DIY headlight alignment procedure: See WK2 Headlight Alignment Guide Adjustment Screw Steel Suspension Lift Kits Read this first About MC & MA Classification 2016 Suspension changes (effects certain lifts) Minor Modification Queensland Dept Transport and Main Roads - Vehicle Standards Instruction G19.1: The raising of a vehicle's suspension (coil spring suspension) is permitted without specific approval, provided: Steel Suspension: Rocky Road recommend suspension lifts be capped at 2.5"as not to exceed factory tolerances. They have tested a variety of tyre sizes and found that 33" OD tyres would fit with minor trimming of the inner guard felt liners. A +30mm offset rim is required (OE offset + 56.4mm - 25.4mm) instead of their suggested 1"(25.4mm) spacers which are illegal on Australian roads. QuadraLift Suspensions For those who purchased an airbag suspension for your Jeep, unfortunately you will never be able to install a permanent lift system to your Jeep. They can lift and lower by pushing the buttons, but will never be able to install larger tyres (sic) since the suspension will always return to its original "stock height" Some Lift Kits What ARB say in their brochure: "A 50mm lift was achieved and 2 progressive rate spring designs were created to cater for medium loads and constants loads of 200kgs. As the Jeep WK2 is available with an optional tow pack, 2 different designs needed to be created. The tow pack option introduces a Nivomat (self levelling) rear shock absorber which has a different top pin mount and different extended and compressed lengths. With 2 different shock designs and 2 springs to cater for loading options, this resulted in 4 different shock options for the rear. Please note when replacing Nivomat shocks, you must fit the appropriate OME spring. To identify whether a vehicle has the standard fitment rear shock or Nivomat shock, the outer body diameter will need to be measured." Headlight Alignment After Lifting After fitting a lift kit there is every possibility that on Low Beam your headlights will blind on coming traffic. For safety reasons it is important that your headlights meets ADR alignment standards..The solution is to readjust your headlights Quadra-Lift Air Suspension LLAMS The LLAMS electronic air suspension height controller kit provides the ability to raise the vehicle by approx 32mm/1.25" or 55mm/2.2" whilst at normal ride height, therefore without speed limitations, to allow improved ground & bump stop clearance when travelling off road on high crown gravel roads or other off road conditions where extra clearance is required. Approx Height Changes: Reduced Towing Maximum: The WK2 CRD & 5.7L V8 can tow up to a maximum of 3500kg (see Note)...If the Nivomat self levelling shock absorbers (SLS) are replaced with standard shocks then the 3500kg towing maximum is downgraded (Note 3). Since most spring lift kits replace the OE Nivomat SLS with a standard type, check with the lift kit supplier first and ask if there is any detrimental effect on towing specifications. Regardless of what lift kit you chose, if replacing the Nivomat SLS with standard shocks, you must replace the Nivomat springs as well otherwise they will sag noticeably under increased loads Why different spring ratings for Nivomat system?...Because the Nivomat SLS share the load with coil springs and adjust for any load variation, the springs don't have to support all the load so are softer to provide a more comfortable ride at low loadings. Is you wish to retain 3500 kg towing, keep the Nivomat SLS and fit Nivomat compatible rear springs rather than constant load springs used with standard shock absorbers. If towing is not your thing then this probably isn't an issue apart from ride comfort. Note: 1. Jeep Australia issued a National Dealer Bulletin 72/2011 stating that a Weight Distribution Hitch is suitable for use with all available WK2 Grand Cherokee suspension systems and it is mandatory when towing an ATM above 2268kg. 2. Vehicle and caravan insurers' advice relating to a claim arising from an accident, is that you should comply with manufacturers recommendations at all times. In the following text: caravans, camper trailers and all other towables are referred as trailers so: GVM = Tare Mass + Maximum Payload (Vehicle) - includes any TBM when hitched to a trailer The question now is: how much can you really carry in your vehicle when towing at the maximum tow capacity specified by the manufacturer? The true capability of a vehicle in practice is dictated by the GCM (often called GCVM), the vehicle's GVM plus trailer's GTM...Note that GTM is used instead of ATM ...GTM is different to ATM in that it does not include that part of the trailer's mass exerted on the vehicle's tow ball (TBM) when hitched up....TBM has be included in the tow vehicle's Payload i.e. more ball load weight then less the vehicle can carry. To determine what load you can actually carry when towing, simply subtract the vehicle Kerb Weight (or Tare) plus its rated tow capacity from the GCM. The result is the available payload i.e. the total of cargo plus accessories (bullbar, winch, roof racks, tow bar, etc.), driver and passenger weights - you may be surprised how little it is..When not towing the vehicle's payload capacity is at maximum, so what can be legally towed, when the vehicle is loaded to it's GVM??...This can be substantially lower than the vehicle's rated tow capacity...surprise surprise!! Example: 2015 Ford Everest 4WD: Using: GTM = GCM-GVM Now since TBM is part of the GVM when towing: Bullbar & Winch 100kg Example: 2019 Ford Everest Trend 4WD: Using: GTM = GCM-GVM Now since TBM is part of the GVM when towing: So while the BTC is higher the available payload is lower. Example: 2014 -2016 4x4 3L Diesel Laredo (no GCM specified) Using : GCM = GVM + ATM - TBM Now since TBM is part of the GVM when towing: Loading up: Bullbar & Winch 100kg Example: 2017 4x4 3L Diesel Trailhawk (GCM now specified) Using : GCM = GVM +ATM - TBM Payload = GVM - Tare Now since TBM is part of the GVM when towing: Loading up: Bullbar & Winch = 100kg So the solution is not to tow 3500kg but something like 2000kg would give a marginal payload of 169kg for passengers and maybe some cargo if the aux tank is full. Note: Maximum Towing Capacity of some popular 4x4 utes: "The rated tow figure of the Ranger is 3500kg, while the GCM is 6000kg – much the same as many of the dual-cabs. This means the maximum car weight has now dropped to 2500kg – a payload decrease of 700kg. That means the maximum weight you can carry in a Ford towing a 3500kg caravan is just 300kg. That's not much more than two healthy adults, a pet dog and a full tank of fuel" (by Ron Moon 4x4 Australia Sep 15, 2016)" Conclusion: It's a pity the salesperson did not tell you the truth when asked about towing payload In other words GCM doesn't always equal GVM + BTC (maximum ATM) so do your sums and stay legal. Weight Distribution Hitch (WDH) The official Chrysler figures for the Grand Cherokee diesel are 350kg on the ball max and 3500kg trailer max and that Chrysler requires a Weight Distribution Hitch for towing loads which exceed 2268-2270kg. The 2kg difference depends on which set of specifications. Don't get caught in the "big van" towing trap Generally speaking the the TBM should be within 10% of the total trailer weight. Assuming that you wish to tow at the vehicle's towing maximum then the TBM would be about 350kg which has to be accounted for as part of your GVM (all accessories to be included), this could mean your vehicle and caravan combination has crossed into illegal weight territory without a driver or passengers or any payload you need to carry aka the 3500kg towing trap. Do you homework and don't ignored the limits i.e. GVM,GCM,GTM & ATM when buying your caravan/camper. In practice, what you think you can tow may not be what you can without exceeding manufacture's specifications. The choice is between a fully loaded vehicle with all the accessories or the heaviest caravan/trailer. So if you tow a big caravan, then don't expect to carry a full load (all occupants & accessories) in your vehicle. Very few vehicles can actually tow at their maximum rated capacity when loaded at their GVM. Of course you can juggle between payload and caravan/trailer weights to find a combination that suits your purpose. Exceeding a vehicle's GVM will most certainly void manufacturer's warranty and your insurance as well as illegal implicationTo reduce vehicle load to stay within the vehicle's GVM, make use of your caravan/trailer's GTM (do not exceed) and distribute load evenly to avoid trailer instability. WK2 Grand Cherokee Specifications (Australia) Quote: "If you are on a weighbridge with your tow vehicle hitched up to the caravan/trailer and are all loaded up this will give you the Gross Combined Mass (GCM). If you have the loaded caravan/trailer unhitched (on it's jockey wheel) with its wheels on the weighbridge this will be the Aggregate Trailer Mass (ATM). With the van/trailer hitched to the tow vehicle with only the van/trailer's wheels on the weighbridge this will give you the Gross Trailer Mass (GTM). The difference between the ATM and GTM will give you the Tow Ball Mass (TBM)" - (from (lets-getaway.com) Where speed limits or conditions are such that the vehicle can be driven at high speeds, maintaining correct tyre inflation pressure is very important. Increased tyre pressure and reduced vehicle loading may be required for high-speed vehicle operation. High speed driving with your vehicle under maximum load is dangerous. The added strain on your tyres could cause them to fail. Do not drive a vehicle loaded to the maximum capacity at continuous speeds above 120 km/h. Manual Park Release To move or recover a disabled vehicle when the transmission can not be shifted out of PARK (e.g. a flat battery or if the engine won't start), located at the rear of the centre console storage bin is a Manual Park Release. Note: This vehicle is equipped with an Ignition Park Interlock which requires the transmission to be in PARK before the ignition can be turned to the OFF mode. This helps the driver avoid inadvertently leaving the vehicle without placing the transmission in PARK. This system also locks the transmission in PARK whenever the ignition is in the OFF mode. This vehicle is equipped with a Brake Transmission Shift Interlock system (BTSI) that holds the transmission gear selector in PARK unless the brakes are applied. To shift the transmission out of PARK, the engine must be running and the brake pedal must be pressed. The brake pedal must also be pressed to shift from NEUTRAL into DRIVE or REVERSE when the vehicle is stopped or moving at low speeds WARNING: Activating the Manual Park Release will allow your vehicle to roll away if it is not firmly secured by applying the "foot operated" parking brake or tow rope/recovery strap it to a tree/post or another vehicle to prevent the vehicle from rolling unintentionally. Activating the Manual Park Release on an unsecured vehicle could lead to serious injury or death for those in or around the vehicle. Note: To Jump Start A Disabled Vehicle Review all Cautions Connect cable clamps as follows: Caution: The Totally Integrated Power Module (TIPM) is the gateway or distribution box for nearly the entire electrical system. Its main purpose is to take the commands from various switches and other modules and send those commands to the vehicle's Controller Area Network (CAN), a vehicle bus standard designed to allow devices to communicate with each other without a host computer. Disconnect cable clamps as follows: Reference: Jump Starting (pdf) The pros and cons about adding airbag suspension assist kits: Adding airbag (aka air spring) suspension load assist kits will not change the GVM, GCM & maximum rear axle load rating of your vehicle (see above discussion about Towing & Loading). Vehicle manufacturers will specify a maximum weight allowable for each axle. So even if your total weight is under the specified GVM, you may still be over an individual axle's maximum load rating. You should never exceed your vehicle's Max Weight Ratings under any circumstance. Airbags simply increase your ability to level your vehicle with heavy loads. Some problems I've had: Airbags look like a good idea and when inflated function well..No worries if the airbags stay inflated and often do...This didn't happen on my last trip up the OTT Cape York last November (2106)..One airbag went down with a leak at the airline coupling (after all the articulation on creek crossings - probably to Bathurst Bay) and wouldn't hold air so I had to let both down to keep the back from leaning and slamming down on one side ..Problem without the airbags inflated on the OTT, the rear suspension continually bottomed out and the tyres eventually ripped into the inner guard liner..The combination of medium load springs and OME nitro shock absorbers with the larger diameter 265/65R18s tyres turned out to be a mistake ...Why??...These medium load springs need the OE Nivomat shocks to share the load and provide a bump stop function which the standard shocks don't do. Relying on airbags to do this isn't wise..Also the airbags I had installed were for standard height suspension so not that effective with my 50mm lift kit.. I have since procured new airbags 25mm longer than standard to compensate for the raised vehicle height and reinstalled the Nivomat shocks.. Custom made 30mm poly spacers placed under the standard airbags would probably work with a 50mm lift also. Now this presents a decision in that you need to work out what your needs really are: medium load springs or 300kg springs..If you tow and load up then 300kg springs are probably what you need but may ride a rough when unloaded..Medium load springs are probably too soft for towing a caravan + cargo (see above discussion on Reduced Towing Maximum) unless you keep the Nivomat shocks to share some of the load..If the Nivomat shock absorbers are replaced (ie with suspension lift kits), Polyair or Airbagman (Firestone Coil-Rite) airbags can level the vehicle providing they are suitable size for your suspension height but don't rely on them as I found out..Reliability off road can be an issue as per my experience...Be good if airbags had pressure monitors to detect failure..Maybe an On Board Air Control Kit option is worth looking at but probably no help if an airbag develops a leak - I'll let you be the judge on the pros & cons. Rock Rails Mopar Rock Rail/Sliders Note: OE mud flaps will not fit with Mopar rock rails on so will require some trimming: See Trimming Template If you do decide to fit UNeek sliders remember they are 20mm too short so there will be a 20mm gap either at the front or the rear depending on how they are installed. If the sliders are installed towards the front (instructions say to the rear) in order to neatly fit front mud flaps then there will be a 20mm gap at the rear as well the upper body panel. One solution is to cover this upper panel gap with rubber strip shaped to fit and glued to the upper slider surface and to fabricate a 20mm rear extensions from either steel or aluminium. See UNeek Rock Slider Installation Issues. Alternatively if front mud flaps are not needed and the sliders are installed as per instructions then a similar extension can be fabricated for the 20mm front gap if considered unsightly..Pity the Mopar rock rail/sliders are no longer available and the UNeek Sliders are made in this fashion. Note: The following is for a forward installation only Rear Slider End 20mm Extension Sill Bracket To Secure Mud Flap Tab Roof Racks The 68kg (150lb) is theMaximum OE load specification and MUST NOT BE EXCEEDED - Read Safety Notes Rhino state when used off road you must reduce the maximum roof load by 1/3 - Rhino Rack Heavy Duty Crossbar Maximum Roof Load. Rocky Road, GOBI & Front Runner do increase roof load limit by replacing the OE roof rails with stronger mounting systems - refer to their sites for specifications. UNeek specifications are: Caged rack is rated to 150kg dynamic and 300kg static (evenly distributed & Slim line rack is rated to 125kg dynamic and 250kg static (evenly distributed) by use of steel mounting brackets which divert the load off the top buttons and relocate it to the welded seam on the roof join for far better load capacity. Mopar Installation WARNING : When fitting a new roof rack system where OE roof rails have to be removed and replaced, before fitting the new roof rails be sure the end nutserts (rivnuts) normally hidden under the plastic end covers, are thoroughly cleaned. Unless this is done then when fixing any new rail system, the screws may bind in the threads causing the nutserts to spin making it almost impossible to extract the screws. If binding does occur then removing the interior lining at the rear to access and clamp the nutsert may be necessary. Also if dirt build up is present lower in the rivnuts then screws may be too long and will require shortening to firmly secure the new rails. This is especially concerning the rear nutserts where dirt buildup is common but not seen.. Another thing to watch for is rubbing through the painted surface cause but movement of the OE rails under load. This will need recoating before new rails are fitted to prevent future rusting Need to increase roof loading?? Auxillary Batteries There is only one battery that is best suited for safe mounting inside the WK2 for use as an auxillary battery to run fridges and other accessories - a deep cycle "Absorbed Glass Mat" (AGM) battery. AGM batteries are available as either Starting or Deep Cycle. The WK2 main battery is an AGM starting type. Why?? Batteries come as either Starting, or Deep Cycle. Starting (cranking) batteries are designed to supply large current for a short period.. Deep cycle batteries are more suited to long slow power draw and slow recharge. A good wet cell cranking battery will have a limited life when being used as an auxiliary battery A marine battery is a semi deep cycle battery will last longer than a standard wet cell battery. AGM totally sealed, transport class batteries don't require venting to the outside like wet batteries, so are ideally suited for mounting inside a 4WD. They are spill proof and therefore can be mounted at any angle. These batteries will accept a much higher charge current so will charge faster without damage and can be discharged much deeper than conventional deep cycles without major damage. They also have a very slow self discharge rate resulting in a longer shelf life. When fully charged, they can be stored for extended periods and conveniently recharged successfully. Variable Voltage Alternators In Australia, as of 2013, new vehicle shave to comply with the Euro 5 exhaust emissions standards and from 2017, the tougher Euro 6 standards. The ECU in these vehicles controls the alternator by monitoring its electrical loading. The ECU adjust the output voltage determined by load changes and in some cases can completely turn it off. These alternators are referred to as Variable Voltage Alternators. In brief from Redarc - New Vehicle Technology Can Affect Dual Battery System's Charging Performance. In order to avoid costly ECU replacement and get your alternator working, you can simply bypass the internal Alternator Voltage Regulator Control Module using an External Voltage Regulator Conversion Kit -See: Brief descriptions to the above links have been either summarised or extracted from those sites. Please refer to them for detailed information. Wheels & Tyres In order to understand wheels and tyre technology it is essential to first understand the terminology of wheel rims & the curious mix of both imperial (inches) and metric measurement used. Industry standard is to specify offset in millimeters whereas other measurements are normally in inches Offset & Backspacing Offset (ET) specifies where the hub mounting surface sits with respect to the centreline of the rim and is based on the overall width of the rim, not the stated width. Most rims are 1" (25.4mm) or wider than stated i.e. a 7.5" rim will actually measure 8.5". Changing the offset moves the rim in or out, changes the amount of mechanical leverage on axle and suspension components, wheel track and of course backspacing. Rim offset can be one of three settings: Backspacing is the distance from the back edge of the rim (inboard flange) to the hub mounting surface and determines the amount of clearance between the wheel and suspension components. Backspacing is necessary to calculate where the rim's inner flange will sit with respect to suspension components. The hub mounting surface is always a fixed distance from these components so if the rim width is changed it will immediately affect these clearances as will changing the offset. Calculations using rim width and backspacing for sufficient clearance will also determine offset relative to the centreline of the rim. Clearances will obviously be different from vehicle to vehicle. So when buying a rim, you'd specify rim PCD, rim diameter, width and ET (offset) e.g. 5x127mm 18x8" ET 56.4 mm. Note that ET is specified rather than backspacing. Fitting 265/65R18LT Tyres Read this first About MC & MA Classification From 2015 to present WK2 Grand Cherokees are currently classified as MA passenger vehicle not off road use MCso: MA-rated vehicles are more restricted in what tyres can legally be fitted, because of speed ratings & specifically to that which the manufacturer has specified on the compliance plate. You can't fit a tyre with a lower speed rating to an MA rated vehicle..Since there isn't any LT-construction, off-road tyres with high speed ratings currently available, then by the rules you'd be fitting an illegal tyre. An LT265/65R18 tyre mounted on an OE alloy rim will fit in the cargo spare wheel well if turned the opposite way up allowing the lid to close level with the cargo bay floor. One modification is required though (shown in the following photos): the OE securing bolt has to be lengthened because of the way the larger tyre has to be seated to fit...An M14 x 2mm pitch x 200mm bolt with the hex head cut off is welded it into a close fitting steel tube and opposite end tapped and threaded with the original securing bolt screwed in and thread locked. Note: 2x plastic storage bins have to be discarded 2014 Grand Cherokee 3.0Ltr CRD Laredo OE Wheels Backspacing to Offset Conversion (Backspacing - (Rim Width/2 + Flange Width )) x 25.4 = offset Offset to Backspacing Conversion Offset Conversion: Where: Offset is calculated using the above Backspacing to Offset formula and truncated to nearest mm Conversion Metric to Imperial to Metric Possible Adverse Effects If fitting larger tyres, as a rule of thumb you can expect to lose about 3.5% of torque/gear ratio for every 25mm of tyre size increase. Also stopping distance may be adversely affected and ESP/ESC could unnecessarily activate, reducing engine power and slowing the vehicle down and of course there may be legal and insurance issues as well so check your state vehicle modification laws and your insurance company first. About Fitting Light Truck Tyres Note: Regardless of its type and size, every tyre's load capacity, durability, traction and handling depends on using the right inflation pressure for differing operating conditions. Since both too little and too much inflation pressure sacrifices some of the tyre's performance, maintaining the "right" inflation pressure is important. Every tyre has a maximum inflation pressure rating stamped on the sidewall somewhere. This is the maximum permissible pressure a tyre can be safely inflated to. It is not the pressure it should be inflate to for normal operation" Caution: Ply Rating: LT tyres can vary in construction ranging from 4 tread plies up to 8 or 10 ply. The more plies the better protection against stone damage but ride comfort will suffer. The number sidewall plies is a good measure of sidewall staking resistance. This is a good point to note that ply rating is no longer the number of actual physical plies in the tyre. For example a 10 ply equivalent rated tyre may only have 6 physical plies; 3 polyester, 2 steel and 1 Nylon and 3 polyester ply sidewalls Laredo Original Equipment Placard Tyre Sizing: International Standards Organization (ISO) Metric system combines the metric system with a service description. The service description specifies the load index and speed rating symbol. plus an optional letter for intended use or vehicle class for the tyre The ISO-Metric tyre sizing system: 265/65R18 122R Passenger Tyre: P265/60R18 110H (P-Metric) Light Truck Tyre: 4WD owners will be confronted with 3 different LT tyre size descriptions 3. 2x11.50R15LT (Light Truck High Flotation) Note: Flotation-sized tyres have wider overall width, as the size dimensions increase, than LT-Metric and LT-Numeric sizes as well as requiring wider rim widths.. LT vs. P-Metric MY2014 WK2 Laredo Placard OE Tyres WARNING: Australian Design Rules (& State laws) allows for fitment of lower speed rated tyres on 4WD vehicles other than that specified on the vehicle's original equipment placard but must be no less than 'N" rated (140km/h) US Tyre Ratings UTQG ratings (Uniform Tyre Quality Grading) must be marked on the tyre's sidewall in the US tyres sold in Australia may not have a UTQG rating so it can be difficult to compare the quality of these tyres in terms of tread-wear, traction, & temperature. Example: 150AB Where: Date of Manufacture All tyres are stamped with the date of manufacture either three digits for pre-2000 or four digits for after 2000 The Correct Air Pressure?? Under-inflation is the biggest destroyer of LT tyres while over-inflation increases risk of punctures, wear and decreased ride comfort as well a vehicle instability and increases stress on suspension components. Speedometer Accuracy Interestingly this is from the Queensland Police web site Quote: "Manufacturers place a plate on a vehicle to indicate that it complies with Australian requirements for vehicle safety, standards, Australian Design Rules, etc., and as such the requirements for accuracy of the speedometer is disclosed to the public. If an owner changes the configuration of their vehicle which alters the required specifications, it is their responsibility to ensure they have a way of knowing the correct speed of their vehicle." The Australian Design Rules are available on the internet for people to ascertain the permitted tolerance for their car. The compliance with the design rules ensure a driver will not exceed the QPS tolerance levels if they stay within the speed limits according to their speedometer. There are various ways a motorist is able to check their vehicle's speedometer for specific accuracy or gross error. A person can request a check via RACQ/motor repairer, a GPS device, and Department of Transport and Main Roads roadside speedometer check points (time over distance based)" Note: You can check your speedo error using a GPS device...But don't rely on it as a defence in court ....Speeding is an "An absolute liability offence - one where the prosecution only needs to produce evidence of what someone did . What the accused believed is always irrelevant". Another interesting thing is that what we mistakenly assume as an allowable speed limit tolerance before an infringement is recorded is not an allowance for speedo error or how much you can legally exceed a speed limit by. It is a police speed detector accuracy allowance. "Deduction from the speed reading displayed by prescribed speed measuring devices, This is to avoid contested cases where the only argument in court is in respect of the ability of the police device accurately to measure speed down to the last 1kmh." This is worth reading Speedometer inaccuracy, Radar tolerances and the Law About Tyre Pressures "Inflation pressures specified on the placard are always "cold tyre inflation pressure". Cold tyre inflation pressure is defined as the tyre pressure after the vehicle has not been driven for at least three hours, or driven less than 1 mile (1.6 km) after sitting for a minimum of three hours. The cold tyre inflation pressure must not exceed the maximum inflation pressure moulded into the tyre sidewall. Tyre pressure should only increase by 2 to 6 psi (13 to 40 kPa) during normal operation if cold inflation pressures are correctly set . DO NOT reduce this normal pressure build up or your tyre pressure will be too low when cold." The recommended Cold Inflation Pressures listed on the vehicle's placard are ok for most driving conditions with the recommended tyre sizes. If your vehicle is lifted and equipped with larger and probably wider tires the vehicle's weight distribution is different and the recommended placard pressures don't necessarily apply. See: Are Your Tyre Pressures Correct ?? Establishing Initial Cold Inflation Tyre Pressures. A good method of establishing initial cold inflation pressures is: Example: BFG LT265/65R18 (If loaded to GVM then substitute vehicle's GVM instead of Kerb Weight) Kerb Weight (Tare Mass) = 2191kg (Diesel Laredo) This method will give a good starting point for the "4 psi Rule" (commonly used to determine the best operating tyre pressures). The 4 PSI Rule: Where speed limits or conditions are such that the vehicle can be driven at high speeds, maintaining correct tyre inflation pressure is very important. Increased tyre pressure and reduced vehicle loading may be required for high-speed vehicle operation. Refer to your authorised tyre dealer for recommended safe operating speeds, loading and cold tyre inflation pressures. There are several commonly used methods to find the most applicable tyre pressure but the "4 psi Rule" is possibly the best known and often used. See: Guide To Adjusting Tyre Pressure Caution See: How Tyre Pressure Varies With Temperature Tyre Pressure Monitoring System WK2 Grand Cherokee TPMS sensors operate on 433MHz. Although 315 MHz and 433 MHz sensors are identical in size and shape, 315MHz sensors are not compatible and are not interchangeable. TPMS sensors are designed for original style factory wheels, SRT8 sensors should not be used and are a different part number. Be sure of TPMS operating frequencies before ordering aftermarket sensors. TPMS service (mounting) kits should be used if sensors are removed and reinstalled. All TPMS senders are the same for all pre 2017 WK2 models (except the SRT8) and many other Chrysler models as well. The WK2 GC programmed warning thresholds are the same regardless of wheel or tyre size, so reprogramming is not necessary. TPMS sensors in the new wheels register after about 15km. There should be no problem as long as (Mopar) Jeep TPMS sensors are used. About the WK2 TPMS Note: The new Trailhawk has a different part number to the pre 2017 WK2 models and the 56029398AB sensor does not register with the TPMS system...The new part number is 68313387AB - 001 Note: Pressure will vary with temperature by about 10kps (0.1 bar or 1.45 psi ) for every 10°C change. If temperatures drop to 0°C or lower tyre, pressures should not be increased or If the ambient temperature rises to about +40°C tyre pressure should not be lowered. As the vehicle is driven, it is normal for tyre pressures to increase with tyre temperature buildup, and should be not readjusted until after the vehicle has not been driven for several hours and away from the effects of outside temperatures or direct sunlight. About & Adjusting Tyre Pressures Bull Bars Front Plastic Shroud Potential Problem Have a WK2 without Parking Sensors? The way I installed mine in my Laredo works well but the kit had 4 sensors whereas the UNeek bullbar has options for 6. Quote (from Car Accessorys): "So you're wondering which is the best , to buy? As always OEM Technology has been put to the test, the car manufactures do a lot of research into the Reversing Sensors they will be Installing. Hence why we recommend the Ultra Sleek parking Sensors for (Reverse Parking Sensors and Front Parking Sensors) By Car Accessorys. Because it is an "OEM Product." Most Reversing Sensors are not OE standards & are not even close to OE Standards Car acc & Ultra Sleek Parking Sensors is the only system fitted after market that will control front Parking Sensors with a left and right bar graph and also a measurement in the center of the screen to tell you how far away you are from the obstacle Automatically. Front Sensors detect objects within 1000mm of the vehicle and will stop you at 300mm. Reverse Sensor kit will turn it self on via engaging reverse gear and start detecting distances. Car Accessorys provide a range of different Quality Reversing Sensors & Parking Sensors. Each system should be specific for your needs. All sensors are colour matched and flush mounted and covered by our life time warranty on Installations." Have a diesel without a snorkel???? Caution: Important Air Ram Notice Extract from Airflow snorkel documentation: "Do not turn the Air Ram away from the direction of travel because it will lessen the positive pressure necessary for proper operation. In extreme situation, at speed above 25km/h a vacuum may be generated causing irreversible engine damage The Air Ram should only be turned backward in very heavy weather/dust conditions. In which case, the vehicle speed SHOULD NOT EXCEED 25km/h as it may damage the engine." Quote (Airflow): "Due to the configuration of the plumbing to get the snorkel to work. The new smaller faced Parabolic air ram will not supply enough air at low to medium speed at below and at optimum revs In these conditions the engine may starve for air increasing fuel consumption and decrease power from standard, as many other snorkel brands do therefore a standard Parabolic Air Ram is required. The smaller air Ram is not Recommended" see: Using smaller Air Ram Heads Travel safe with a cargo barrier!! Off roading you will need most if not all that gear you take such as camping gear, tools and supplies. Of course we often take more than we need but all things going good it all stays where you stored while travelling. Sadly it doesn't need an accident to shift it. Simply braking or travelling over rough dirt roads or extreme track can fling your cargo into the passenger area causing serious injury or in the event of an accident, potentially death. If you're heading out on tour you need a cargo barrier to keep cargo cargo area where it's meant to be Read more: 4wd-touring/cargo-barriers Pet/Cargo Barrier for Jeep Grand Cherokee WK2 (2011-2013 An excellent addition to your 4WD to prevent cargo flying forward, often with serious consequences, in the event of a sudden stop or accident. Need a swing-away spare tyre carrier?? Annoyed with the idea of having to unload all your cargo by the roadside just to get to the spare under the cargo compartment floor and then having to reload it??..Maybe a swing-away spare tyre carrier is the solution. Note: The Formula Offroad tyre carrier (1 hour bolt on) for the WK2 some trimming to the rear bumper may be needed. This is probably not necessary but handy to know in case: If you have then maybe you should fit an Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) monitor. Modifying a turbo-diesel for more power with diesel power chips or modules, which function by increasing fuel delivery at full power, can generate higher than normal EGT. For the safety of your engine find out the Air Fuel Ratio (AFR) of your engine before modification A low AFR (rich mixture) can cause excessive engine heat and smoke while a high AFR is lean and clean. Always check how a performance tune or chip achieves it's power gain and what changes to the AFR are made. Few things will damage or kill a diesel engine faster than excessive EGT. How Turbochargers work Jeep Grand Cherokee Performance Chips & Programmers Word of advice, if considering performance enhancing, read your warranty terms and conditions first if your vehicle is still under warranty Are you flushing money down the loo? see: Unsealed4x4.
Years Model Engines 2011 - 2013 W5A580 5-speed automatic 3.0, 3.6 L 2012 - 2013 6.4 L 2011 545RFE 5-speed automatic 5.7 L 2012 - 2013 65RFE 6-speed automatic 2014 - on 845RE 8-speed automatic 3.6 L 2014 - on 8HP70 8-speed automatic 3.0, 5.7, 6.4L
Driving Conditions Temp (C) Comments Highway Driving 87 - 90 Depends on speed (* @ 27C ambient) City Traffic 86 - 89 Depends on stop/start (* @ 27C ambient) Optimum 88 - 89 Constant unloaded driving after warm up (*) Warm Up Highway 89 Approx 45 min at 110km/h (* @ 27C ambient) Warm Up City 89 Approx 20 - 30 min depends on traffic (* @ 27C ambient) 1900kg Towing 89 -92 Hill & highway - various speeds (! @ up to 32C ambient) Heavy Towing 92 + ?? Probably off-road, hill & traffic as well (**) High Temperature 110 + ?? Over heating protection starts (**) Over Temperature 120 + ?? Engine power is reduced (**) RED LINE 130 Stop & allow transmission to cool ***(owner's manual)
! Test done with roof rack & cargo bay loaded, 2 tonne offroad caravan & full fuel load (168Ltr) with the above accessories
** Data not confirmed due to lack of official information
Pin Wire Function A1 WT/DB Headlamp leveling sensor rear signal A2 WT Headlamp leveling sensor 5 volt supply A3 BK/LG Right headlamp return signal A4 WT/LG Can C Bus (+) A5 WT/TN Right low beam driver A6 WT/VT Lin bus lighting sig rt A7 WT/DG Headlamp leveling sensor front signal A8 WT/BR Headlamp leveling sensor return A9 WT/GY Right high beam driver A10 WT/LB Can C Bus (-) A11 PK/YL Fused ignition run control output A12 WT/OR Lin lighting
Bumper and Headlight Removal
Headlight Wiring Diagram (2014) - Small because of diagram width so zoom required to view
originally offered with the technology is generally not permissible as they do not comply with the ADRs because
ADRs and the Transport Operations (Road Use Management - Vehicle Standards and Safety) Regulation 2010. These
additional lights may be fitted at any height above the ground but must only be fitted to the front of the vehicle.
New Vehicle Measurements Ground Clearance (4x4 only) Laredo (mm) Limited (mm) (Inch) Standard Steel Suspension 218 218 8.6 Quadra-Lift, normal ride height 205 205 8.1 Quadra-Lift, Off-road I 238 238 9.4 Quadra-Lift, Off-road II 271 271 10.7
4x4 Standard Steel Suspension Ground Clearance Inch mm Front Axle 9.3 236 Rear Axle 10.0 253 Fuel Tank 9.6 243
LLAMS Kit
ATM = Tare Mass + Maximum Payload (Trailer)
GTM = ATM - TBM
GCM = GVM + GTM
Towing and Vehicle Mass Ambient Trend Titanium ATM (Towing Capacity kg) 3000 3000 3000 GCM (kg) 5800 5800 5800 GVM (kg) 3100 3100 3100 Kerb Weight (kg) 2370 2407 2495 Payload (kg) 730 693 605
= 5800 - 3100 = 2700kg
ATM = 2700 + 300 = 3000kg (TBM =10% of ATM = 300kg )
Available Payload = 730 - 300 = 430kg (Ambiente)
Loading up:
Available Payload = 430 - 100 = 330kg for passengers, cargo & accessories.
Add roof rack, and aux fuel tank (full) say total 125kg (no allowance made for the tow hitch ??kg)
Available Payload = 205kg for passengers and effects
Assume passengers (2) = 150kg
Available Payload = 55kg
Towing and Vehicle Mass 2.0L Bi-Turbo ATM (Towing Capacity kg) 3100 GCM (kg) 5900 GVM (kg) 3100 Kerb Weight (kg) 2387 Payload (kg) 713
= 5900 - 3100 = 2800kg
ATM = 2790 + 310 = 3100kg (TBM =10% of ATM = 310kg )
Available Payload = 713 - 310 = 403k
Towing and Vehicle Mass Laredo 4x4 3L Diesel ATM (Towing Capacity kg) 3500 GVM (kg) 2949 Tare (kg) 2267
= 2949kg + 3500kg = 6449kg - 350kg = 6099kg
GTM = ATM - TBM
= 3500 - 350 = 3150kg
Payload = GVM - Tare
= 2949 - 2267 = 682kg
Available Payload = 682- 350 = 332kg
Available Payload = 332- 100 = 232kg for passengers, cargo, accessories & tow hitch
Add roof rack, rock rails and aux fuel tank (full) say total 155kg (no allowance made for the tow hitch ??kg)
Available Payload = 77kg for passengers and effects
Towing and Vehicle Mass Laredo 4x4 3L Diesel ATM (Towing Capacity kg) 3500 GCM (kg) 6099 GVM (kg) 2949 Tare (kg) 2340
= 2949kg + 3500kg - 350kg = 6099kg
= 2949 - 2340 = 609kg
Available Payload = 609 - 350 = 259kg
Available Payload = 259 - 100 = 159 kg for passengers, cargo & accessories
Add roof rack, rock rails and aux fuel tank (full) say = 140kg
Available Payload = 19kg for passengers and cargo
WK2 Jeep Grand Cherokee Weight & Towing Specifications (kg)
Towing Limit Question??
Uneek Rock Sliders
Rocky_Road Rock Sliders
Trimmed To Fit UNeek Slider
Roof Mounting Nutsert Roof Cracked
Rocky Road Crossbar Kit
GOBI Stealth Roof Rack
Rhino Roof Rack
UNeek Roof Rack
Tyre Size Rim Type Rim Width Offset Backspacing CB PCD Nut Size 265/60R18 8Jx18 ET56 18" 8" 56.4mm 6.7" 71.6mm 5x127mm M14x1.5
Offset, Rim Width, Backspacing Cross Reference Offset (mm) BS 4.25" BS 4.5" BS 4.75" BS 5" BS 5.25" BS 5.5" BS 5.75" BS 6" BS 6.7" RW 7.5" 0 6 13 19 25 32 38 44 63 RW 8" -6 0 6 13 19 25 32 38 56 RW 8.5" -13 -6 0 6 13 19 25 32 50 RW 9" -19 -13 -6 0 6 13 19 25 44 RW 9.5" -25 -19 -13 -6 0 6 13 19 37 RW 10" -32 -25 -19 -13 -6 0 6 13 31
29" Tyre Diameter 30" Tyre Diameter 31" Tyre Diameter 245/60R18 = 29.6x9.7R18
255/55R18 = 29x10R18
265/55R18 = 29.5X10.4R18
275/55R18 = 29.9x10.8R18
285/50R18 = 29.2x11.2R18245/65R18 = 30.5x9.7R18
255/60R18 = 30x10R18
265/60R18 = 30.5x10.4R18
285/55R18 = 30.3x11.2R18 265/65R18 = 31.6x10.4R18
275/60R18 = 31x10.8R18
285/60R18 = 31.5x11.2R18 32" Tyre Diameter 33" Tyre Diameter 34" Tyre Diameter 265/70R18 = 32.6x10.4R18
275/65R18 = 32.1x10.8R18
285/65R18 = 32.6x11.2R18
275/70R18 = 33.2x10.8R18
285/70R18 = 33.7x11.2R18
285/75R18 = 34.8x11.2R18
Load Index 110 (1,060 kg) Speed Index H (210 km/h)
Optional use or class prefix:
Load Speed
Index Max Load 110 1,060 kg 111 1,090 kg 112 1,120 kg 113 1,150 kg 114 1,180 kg 115 1,215 kg 116 1,250 kg 117 1,285 kg 118 1,320 kg 119 1,360 kg 120 1,400 kg
Index Max Speed N 140 km/h P 150 km/h Q 160 km/h R 170 km/h S 180 km/h T 190 km/h U 200 km/h H 210 km/h V 240 km/h Z Above V W 270 km/h Y 300 km/h
Avoid traffic infringements and hefty fines Check your Speedometer Error
Max Sidewall Rating = 1500kg at 80 psi
Max Total Weight = 1500 x 4 = 6000 kg
Vehicle 20% Safety Margin = 2191 x 1.2 = 2629kg
Constant = 6000/2629 = 2.28
Cold Inflation Pressure = 80/2.28 = 35psi (2.4 bar)
Sensor - 433MHz (includes sensor, cap and mounting nut) 56029398AB Module, TPMS 56029401AH Cap kit (includes 5 black caps) 68058768AA Hardware kit, mounting (includes black rubber valve stem , cap and mounting screw) 68058766AA Hardware kit, mounting (includes nut, washer, cap, seal and valve core) 68020719AC Valve core kit (includes 5 valve cores) 68058769AA
Replacing TPMS Sensors
Quick Bar to PSI Conversion Table
Further reading: ETG (pdf)
Further reading :AFR
ETG gauges for diesel 4x4 vehicles: ThermoGuard
EGT Probe Installation:TheSensorConnection
Posted by: carrollcarriagae0199257.blogspot.com
Source: http://users.tpg.com.au/klgreen/WK2_GC_Tech.html
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